51   General / General Discussion / Re: LM3909 LED Flasher Discrete Circuit layout.  on: November 07, 2025, 07:26:41 AM 
Started by HomeBrewLamps - Last post by RRK
These transistors are too impractical as Rds is too high, or threshold voltage is not low enough. AO3400 is a good candidate, it is time tested, even cheap Chinese clones work OK. SI2302, one or a couple in parallel look good too.

SOT-23, but what? It is year 2025, no one does through-hole anymore. Learn how to solder SOT-23, it is very easy, we are not talking 0.4mm pitch TSSOP :)

 
 52   General / General Discussion / Re: LM3909 LED Flasher Discrete Circuit layout.  on: November 07, 2025, 07:00:40 AM 
Started by HomeBrewLamps - Last post by Medved
I would go for bipolars, they are easier to configure into the flasher circuit.
The base drive should be no problem with reasonably designed flasher - it flows only when the LED is ON and it needs to be about 4% of the LED current, so not significant.


But be aware about the seemingly very simple (two transistor,...) flasher circuits found around the internet: Many rely on circuit parasitics (like battery internal resistance so won't work with modern low impedance batteries, Germanium transistors saturating rather softly so do not work that well with silicon, on a cold incandescent having way lower resistance, many to really low transistor current gain,...), many need explicite kickup, so at the end very often they tend to stay in a kind of "limbo" where the light is permanently ON or OFF and do not oscillate.

A good mental test is, what would be the hypothetical operating point of the transistors when you remove all the capacitive feedbacks. If the thing may stay or stays with some transistors fully ON or OFF.
or ), the thing won't work in a reliable way.

That equilibrium point needs to be with the circuit "somewhere in the middle" - transistors only partially conducting, neither fully ON, nor OFF. From that state the adding of the capacitors will make it unstable so oscillate.
Good example is

The output transistor just can not stay ON, because it would loose base drive...
So without the capacitor the circuit stays in a state where the voltage drop across the output transistor is about 1V or so, so perfectly in the range where it is a good amplifier and not stuck ON switch...
My only remark for operation at lower Vbat is you need to add some 100Ohm parallel to the LED (for your case, where the series resistor with LED will be around 1 Ohm or nothing, the base resistor of the power transistor about 100Ohm,...), so full battery voltage will become present across the circuit when the transistor is OFF...
 53   Lanterns/Fixtures / Modern / Re: M-400a  on: November 07, 2025, 05:50:56 AM 
Started by stillaintjeff24 - Last post by Baked bagel 11
February 2022, got my first one in October of the same year.
 54   General / General Discussion / Re: LM3909 LED Flasher Discrete Circuit layout.  on: November 07, 2025, 05:29:15 AM 
Started by HomeBrewLamps - Last post by Ash
Right. Then indeed, an external MOSFET

Without a charge pump, suitable MOSFETs may be VN1206 or VN2406 for small loads (100mA range), IRLU024N may be able to drive that 3W LED you mentioned, and many bipolar transistors may work too (but have non-zero current draw for driving)

With a charge pump most common MOSFETs will work
 55   Lanterns/Fixtures / Modern / Re: M-400a  on: November 07, 2025, 05:03:39 AM 
Started by stillaintjeff24 - Last post by stillaintjeff24
Glad that I’m not the only one, when did you get into streetlights, was it 2022?
 56   Lanterns/Fixtures / Modern / Re: M-400a  on: November 07, 2025, 05:01:21 AM 
Started by stillaintjeff24 - Last post by Baked bagel 11
Kinda sounds like me getting into streetlights, by Feb 2022, pretty much all of the HID here had been LED'd, oh well, I've got 49 streetlights now, mostly HID, but I do find LED Interesting, so I do find the local stuff interesting. :)

Oh, and there are probably hundreds of NOS HIDs on eBay at the moment, at a fraction of wholsaler or manufacturer prices, I can provide links if you'd like.
 57   General / General Discussion / Re: LM3909 LED Flasher Discrete Circuit layout.  on: November 07, 2025, 04:44:11 AM 
Started by HomeBrewLamps - Last post by Medved
... I intend on using a Lithium Ion 14400 battery instead of a alkaline 1.5V battery.

Before I overlooked this remark, but it changes a lot.
It means the LM3909 topology won't work at all, it requires the cell voltage to be really lower than the LED.
 58   Lanterns/Fixtures / Modern / Re: M-400a  on: November 07, 2025, 04:37:01 AM 
Started by stillaintjeff24 - Last post by stillaintjeff24
Ok. Thanks, it just stinks. The second I get into hids, the last few are discontinued. It really feels helpless.
 59   Lanterns/Fixtures / Modern / Re: M-400a  on: November 07, 2025, 04:35:15 AM 
Started by stillaintjeff24 - Last post by Baked bagel 11
Yeah, the last of GEs HID cobras were discontinued in 2020. Cooper discontinued HID cobras in 2024 and AEL discontinued HID cobras in 2022. AFAIK the Lumec Helios was the last HID cobra still made for the USA, and that was discontinued at the end of 2024. Your best chance of getting a new HID cobra from a wholesaler is finding one with some still just sitting on shelves, lost of searching online!
 60   General / General Discussion / Re: LM3909 LED Flasher Discrete Circuit layout.  on: November 07, 2025, 04:04:45 AM 
Started by HomeBrewLamps - Last post by RRK
No, common CMOS 555's won't drive 100mA LED directly at 3V supply. Not near. Read the datasheet...

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